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Over the past few days, some of our readers have reported that they have stumbled upon the vmlinux kernel.

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g.Since the development focuses on virtual memory, kernels that support this line have been prefixed with vm- to differentiate. The name vmlinux is a functional mutation of vmunix, while in vmlinuz the z at the end means that the situation is compressed (like gzip).

g. g.

vmlinux is a permanently statically linked executable that contains Linux in the kernel) and a.out. The vmlinux image may be required for kernel debugging, signature table creation, or other operations, but must be made bootable before being used as a running system kernel by adding a good reliable multiboot header, boot sector, and configuration procedures.

Etymology

Traditionally, UNIX platforms have called the kernel image / unix . For those who developed virtual memory, whose kernels supported this feature, yesUse the vm- integer prefix to differentiate. The name or company name vmlinux is a mutation of vmunix, whereas the vmlinuz letter z in the last part indicates that it is compressed (gzip for excuse). ^[1]

Location

Traditionally, the kernel was located at the main root of the filesystem hierarchy; Remember that the bootloader must use the BIOS to access the hard drive. The limitations imposed by some i386 systems meant that only 1024 cylinders of the hard drive could be handled.

To overcome this, Linux distributors recommended their guests to create a partition, one of their most important disks, specifically for storing files related to the bootloader and kernel. GRUB, LILO and SYSLINUX are regular boot loaders.

By convention, this is often a partition that is mounted in the filesystem hierarchy as / boot . This was later standardized by the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), which now requires the actual Linux kernel image to only be in / or / boot , although there are usually no restrictions enforcing this … ^[2]

Compression

Traditionally, the kernel must also be gzipped when creating a bootable kernel image, or since Linux 2.6.30 ^[3] with LZMA or bzip2, which usually requires a small, heavily unzipped stub to ensure they are included in the final image. The stub unpacks the kernel code, prints dots to the console on many systems to show progress, and then continues the boot process. Support for LZO compression, ^[4] xz ^[5] and LZ4 ^[6] were added later.

The decompression routine turns out to be a minor factor at startup and clock, before the development of this particular bzImage, the size limits of some architectures, most notably the i386, were extremely tight, making compression a trustworthy necessity.

In the SPARC architecture, the vmlinux compressed document uses plain gzip because the SILO loader often transparently decompresses gzip compressed images.

The boot image is probably not important, but many popular distributions even use vmlinuz.

BzImage

As you developFor Linux kernels, the size of user-generated kernels exceeded the limits imposed by some architectures due to the limited space available to store kernel code under pressure. The developed bzImage (big zImage) format was designed to overcome this limitation by dividing the kernel into non-contiguous memory areas. ^{[link required]}

bzImage was gzip compressed prior to Linux 2.6.30, ^[3] , resulting in different algorithms. While the bz prefix may indicate the use of bzip2 compression, it is not. ^{[link needed]} Bzip2 (the package often comes with some tools prefixed with bz , for example bzless , bzcat etc. .)

The bzImage file has a specific hard disk format. It contains the concatenated bootsect.o + setup.o + misc.o + piggy.o elements. ^[7] piggy.o often contains a compressed vmlinux file in the data partition. The extract-vmlinux script, which can be found in the scripts / of their kernel source, unpacks the kernel image. Some distributions (e.g. Red And Hat Clones) can include the kernel-debuginfo RPM, which is generated from the vmlinux file to be added to the kernel RPM and is usually installed by / usr / lib / debug / lib / modules / `uname -r` / vmlinux or / usr / lib / debug / lib64 / modules /` uname -r` / vmlinux .

See Also

• Linux Kernel
• Module (Linux)
• initrd
• System.map
• Object File

Notes And Links

Further Reading

• Alavur Vasudevan (2003-08-15). “ten. Kernel File Information “. The Linux Kernel HOWTO.
• Daniel Pierre Bove (03.01.2013). “Special Sections on Linux Binaries.” LWN.net. In particular, all sections displayed in the Linux kernel are stored in one of the segments defined in the vmlinux-ELF header. Each specific website has a specific purpose.

External Links

• Launch Process

1. ^ “inline detection”. www.linfo.org. Bellevue Linux. March 29, 2007. Retrieved 06.21.2015.
2. ^ “Section 3.5.2 – / boot : Static Boot Loader Files.” FHS 2.3. 2004-01-29. Retrieved March 11, 2014. If the core of an activity is running, it should be in either / or / boot.
3. ^ ^{a b} Linux 2.6.30, released June 9, 2009, offers help with compressing the kernel image that the LZMA and bzip2 algorithms work with [1]
4. ^ Linux 2.6.33, released Feb 24, 2010, added base for compressing kernel image using LZO [2]
5. ^ Linux 2.6.38, released March 14, 2011, added compression support, as you can see in the xz kernel image [3]
6. ^ Linux 3.11 as of September 2, 2013 added support for compressing kernel image using LZ4 [4]
7. ^ Jan Drono (1999-09-28). “Re: bzImage unpacking”. LKML (mailing list). zImage contains bootsect.o + setup.o + misc.o + piggy.o

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